David Ing
Designers engaging in initiatives aspiring towards “systems changes” may be challenged to define what that entails. What distinguishes a “change” from “systems changes”? Under stable conditions where minor fluctuations from an equilibrium are expected, systems typically absorb irregularities without altering their fundamental nature or identity. In turbulent fields where disorder prevails, systems may be transformed as adaptations and developments unfold.
(Re-)designing can be grounded in paradigms drawn from Social Theory, and/or General Systems Theory. Depending on context, certain systems approaches may prove more suitable than others. Efforts to identify a universal “one best way” towards solving (or dissolving) problems (or problematic messes) are likely to lead to disappointment. In the evolution of the systems movement since the 1950s, design thinking and transdisciplinary stances have gained prominence. Contemporary mindsets increasingly embrace pluralistic perspectives, drawing from postmodern thought and non-Western philosophies.
Through a multiparadigm inquiry, well-established mainstream systems perspectives from the 20th century are reviewed. Since 2019, the Systems Changes Learning Circle in Toronto has been rethinking systems thinking, shifting the focus from stability to navigating constant change. Along that continuum, nine approaches to systems and designing are presented as a non-exhaustive list. At the head of the list are system approaches emphasising (re)converging towards equilibria. Towards the tail of the list are systems approaches where sequencing is more important.
To 2025, our research on systems changes has elevated the primacy of temporality and rhythms based on sound philosophical and theoretical foundations. The pursuit of better metaphors continues, towards improving conceptual alignment on systems changes. Further progressing Pacing Changes methods focuses on shortening the learning curve for novices, by developing templates and techniques that support contextual learning and guide progression towards mastery.
Keywords: systemic design, systems thinking, systems change, methodology, systems theory, philosophy