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Evan Barba and Adeline Hvidsten

Systems change within organisations is a preoccupation shared between systemic design and organisational behaviour theory. We examine a foundational framework in organisational behaviour theory, developed by Seo and Creed, that articulates the Paradox of Embedded Agency. This paradox arises because agents in the system are in the best position to change that system, but are often prevented from acting due to their position inside the system. We introduce a game design-based facilitation approach called Playful Systems, and describe its potential as a method for resolving this paradox through the design and play of games. Finally, we provide a conceptual support for this process using the culture-in-mind theory of anthropologist Bradd Shore.

Keywords: game design, facilitation, mental models, Playful Systems, Systemic Design

RSD15 advance online publications

Citation (APA 7)
Barba, E., & Hvidsten, A. (2026). Changing minds: transformative play and the paradox of embedded agency. Proceedings of Relating Systems Thinking and Design, RSD15. Article PAP-019. https://rsdsymposium.org/changing-minds/

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Citation Data

Author(s): Evan Barba and Adeline Hvidsten
Year: 2026
Title: Changing Minds: Transformative play and the paradox of embedded agency
Published in: Proceedings of Relating Systems Thinking and Design
Volume: RSD15
Article No.: PAP-019
Post URL: https://rsdsymposium.org/https://rsdsymposium.org/changing-minds/changing-minds
Host: Politecnico di Torino
Location: Turin & online
Symposium Dates: October 8–16, 2026
First published: 24 September 2026
Updated: 24 September 2026
Publisher Identification: ISSN 2371-8404